India is without a single state government led by a Left-wing party for the first time in over 50 years, following the Communist Party of India (Marxist)'s defeat in Kerala's 2021 assembly elections and the 2023 Tripura polls. The Left, which once held power in West Bengal for 34 years until 2011, Kerala intermittently since 1957, and Tripura in the 2000s and 2018, has been reduced to opposition or marginal roles nationwide.

The decline follows a steady erosion of support due to changing electoral dynamics, the rise of regional and national parties, and internal organizational challenges. In Kerala, the Left-led LDF remains in opposition after losing to the Congress-led UDF, while in Tripura, the BJP and its ally displaced the Left coalition in 2018 and retained power in 2023.

The Communist Party of India (Marxist) retains legislative presence in Kerala, West Bengal, and Tamil Nadu but holds no executive authority. Party leaders have acknowledged the need for organizational renewal and broader alliances to counter dominant national parties.

The next major electoral test for the Left will come in the 2024 general elections, where it aims to secure a minimum number of seats and rebuild political relevance. The party is also preparing for local body elections across several states as part of its long-term revival strategy.